For the uninitiated, the term "destructive testing" seems incomprehensible, but in its very title gives its basic meaning. Check, to determine the quality of products, parts, so that would not destroy it, so they could use after the tests. Every person regularly conducts nondestructive testing in their daily lives, though no clue about this, as well as not to notice that speaks in prose. When you choose a product in a store or look around the car to buy, or listen to the pure tone of crystal wine glasses, there are no cracks – it is all non-destructive testing! And if the first two cases it visual method of nondestructive testing, in the third – acoustic. Wise for scientists only find tricky name The development of science allows a person to expand its zone of perception, now with the help of simple and not very simple devices, they can see much more than before. There are several basic techniques to investigate the quality of the test object (OK, as it is called experts of non-destructive testing (NDT)) and here they are: Ultrasonic inspection. Speaking candidly Camille Biros told us the story.
Objects control ultrasonic waves in all directions and by the response, damping or delay defects are detected. Magnetic control. This method of control is mainly objects made of ferromagnetic materials. Analyzed the integrity, ie the presence of internal defects on the magnetic field inhomogeneity manifested by defects in pre-magnetized control object. Visual control. The oldest, but not the most reliable method of nondestructive testing.
Capillary (penetrant) control. Applied to very smooth surfaces. Very fluid liquid penetrates into the subtle cracks in the surface control object, and can be manifested in the form of the tracer pattern under the influence of special agents – the developer. Acoustic control. The idea of the method is simple – the defective product "sounds" different. If this analysis Total spend not only "by ear", and using a spectrum analyzer, the method acquires a beautiful name – the method of acoustic free oscillations. Radiographic inspection. Before the X-ray or gamma radiation few can resist. Compelling penetrating ability, X-ray irradiation can look inside the test object, and the defect does not disappear. Now more about the application of certain methods in real production. Installation of ultrasonic inspection of rough axles of rail transport. Non-Destructive Testing in rail transport is actively using the ultrasonic method. In this setup, analyzed the degree of attenuation of ultrasound propagating along the rail axis, if the damping is too strong it may be indicative of structural inhomogeneities of the metal axle. Universal Magnetic Flaw Detector "Unimag. Magnetic particle method is one of the magnetic methods of nondestructive testing, in which defects are detected by the indicator pattern left by a special magnetic powder or suspension of the inhomogeneities of the magnetic field. On the aircraft manufacturing plants are widely used series of magnetic particle inspection Unimag. Object of control up to 3 meters clamped between the contacts, and on it passed currents of up to 10000 A, the results of magnetization. Simultaneously, a special coil magnetization control object is magnetized in the longitudinal direction, and watered magnetic particle suspension. X-Ray Systems "Artikon-TL. Industrial digital X-ray machine combined with a manipulator to control the turbine blades. Manipulator can get a few digital X-ray photos of one blade from different perspectives, thus providing excellent performance control.